Jean "Django" Reinhardt (23 January 1910 - 16 May 1953) was a Belgian guitarist and composer credited with popularizing Gypsy jazz, as well as conceptualizing the style together with several other Gypsy musicians.Reinhardt's nickname purportedly means "I Awake" in the Romani language, however it may also simply have been a diminutive, or local Walloon version, of "Jean". "[11]:145 During this period he continued to attend the R-26 artistic salon in Montmartre, improvising with his devoted collaborator, Stphane Grappelli. He died suddenly of a stroke in 1953 at the age of 43. [48][42], In February 2017, the Berlin International Film Festival held the world premiere of Django, a French film directed by Etienne Comar. Reinhardt was attracted to music at an early age, first playing the violin. A: And is today the first recital of your mass? 2008. [14] During his 18-month hospitalization, doctors recommended amputation of his badly damaged right leg. [2]:28 Reinhardt was able to make a living playing music by the time he was 15, busking in cafs, often with his brother Joseph. After the war, Reinhardt rejoined Grappelli in the UK. His father was named Jean Eugene Weiss, but used the alias "Jean-Baptiste Reinhard" on the birth certificate to hide from French military . He was a Belgian-born Romani jazz guitarist, who was known for professionally collaborating with Stephane Grappelli, a jazz violinist. Reinhardt re-formed the quintet, with Hubert Rostaing on clarinet replacing Grappelli. [7][4] Francis-Alfred Moerman, who accompanied Sarane Ferret for many years, played with Lousson for several years in the 1960s and said, "Playing with Lousson was an extraordinary experience; he really had his father's genius in his fingers he really was unluckyhis talent was awesome, but he played in the 1960s, which were the worst years for jazz players, so he was never successful and left no [official] recordings. In his solos [] his melodic ideas are sparkling and ravishing, and their abundance scarcely gives the listener time to catch his breath. DR: No, no, no, don't think that. Django was around his family all the time; when he was not hiding out with them, they would go to where he was. His name was now drawing international attention, such as from British bandleader Jack Hylton, who came to France just to hear him play. Whilst his solos became less chordal and his lines more Christian-like, he retained his originality. In 2005, a documentary film named Djangomania was released. [35] For an unsurpassed insight into these techniques in use, interested persons should not miss viewing the only known synchronised (sound and vision) footage of Reinhardt in performance, playing on an instrumental version of the song "J'Attendrai" for the short jazz film Le Jazz Hot in 193839 (copies available on YouTube and elsewhere). [2]:157 In addition to the increased interest, many American musicians based in Paris during the thirties had returned to the US at the beginning of the war, leaving more work for French musicians. Jeff Beck described Reinhardt as "by far the most astonishing guitar player ever" and "quite superhuman".[61]. Jean Reinhardt (23 January 1910 - 16 May 1953) stage name Django Reinhardt was a Belgian-born Romani-French jazz guitarist, musician and composer, regarded as one of the greatest musicians of the twentieth century.He was the first jazz talent to emerge from Europe and remains the most significant. . Born in Belgium and raised in a gypsy camp near Paris, he first learned to play the violin, but later switched to banjo-guitar. An injury in a fire could have ended Django Reinhardt's career. They came to light via recordings by Matelo Ferret in 1960 (the waltzes "Montagne Sainte-Genevieve", "Gagoug", "Chez Jacquet" and "Choti"; Disques Vogue (F)EPL7740) and 1961 ("Djalamichto" and "En Verdine"; Disques Vogue (F)EPL7829). . Django also worked on composing a Mass for use by the gypsies, which was not completed although an 8-minute extract exists, played by the organist Lo Chauliac for Reinhardt's benefit, via a 1944 radio broadcast; this can be found on the CD release "Gipsy Jazz School" and also on volume 12 of the "Intgrale Django Reinhardt" CD compilation.[c]. Jean-Baptiste Reinhardt, cigny nevn Django, 1910. janur 23 -n szletett egy lakkocsiban Liberchies vrosban, Belgiumban. Garcia was quoted in June 1985 in Frets Magazine: His technique is awesome! Born as Jean in Belgium, Reinhardt was of Manouche Romani descent. May 16, 1953, when, while returning from the Avon, Seine-et-Marne train station, he collapsed Jean Reinhardt (23 January 1910 16 May 1953), known by his Romani nickname Django (French:[do jnat] or [do ent]), was a Romani-Belgian jazz guitarist and composer. Django Reinhardt recorded for the first time in 1928. In it, Captain Murphy comments on a drink dispensed from the Bebop Cola machine: "Ahh, Mango Reinhardt! A number of musicians named their sons Django in reference to Reinhardt, including David Crosby, former Slade singer Noddy Holder, Jerry Jeff Walker, Richard Durrant, and actors Nana Visitor and Raphael Sbarge. Born in Belgium, his French father, Jean Eugene Weiss, chose to use his wife's maiden name of Reinhart instead of Weiss. Tired of waiting, Reinhardt returned to France in February 1947. Moreover, he had general difficulties living amidst the present-day culture. The movie covers Django's escape from Nazi-occupied Paris in 1943 and the fact that even under "constant danger, flight and the atrocities committed against his family", he continued composing and performing. He was just 17 years old but already had made a name for himself playing the banjo-guitar and was invited by the famed British band leader Jack Hylton to join his band. The caravan which Reinhardt shared with his wife caught fire one night . Related Topics VO: In the Chapel of the National Institute for Blind Children, Django Reinhardt will, for the first time, hear his mass played on the organ, which he has written especially for the gypsies. However, he did continue to compose and entertain audiences, although irregularly, and in 1948 recruited a few Italian jazz players (on bass, piano, and snare drum) along with compatriot Grappelli on violin to record one of his most acclaimed contributions to the jazz world, "Djangology." Hitler and Joseph Goebbels viewed jazz as un-German counterculture. In August 1934, he made other recordings with more than one guitar (Joseph Reinhardt, Roger Chaput, and Reinhardt), including the first recording by the Quintette. he must have been playing all the time to be that good."[65]. His modernist piece "Rythme Futur" was also intended to be acceptable to the Nazis. 37-42. sit nyskabende og karakteristiske spil. Django Jazz When Reinhardt first heard American jazz musicians like guitarist Eddie Lang, violinist Joe Venuti, and trumpeter Louis Armstrong, his improvisatory languageand, by extension, jazz guitar as we know itwas transformed.In 1931, Reinhardt met violinist Stphane Grappelli, and encounter that would lead to the formation of Quintette du Hot . A French film named Django was released in 2017. One of his most famous pieces is the melancholic "Nuages," meaning "Clouds," which became the ersatz anthem for the French, invoking the sweeter feelings of the days before the war. Reinhardt was a Roma jazz musician. His music remains as vital and exciting today as it was when he lived, a legacy of joy to all future generations that rediscover the genius of the Belgian gypsy Django Reinhardt. The group, which became the first major European band, gained popularity for their recordings of covers of American songs such as Dinah and Lady Be Good. The origin of the nickname Django is highly debated. He had to eventually return to France, as though he was promised jobs in California, he was not granted any. Jean "Django" Reinhardt (23. tammikuuta 1910 Liberchies, Belgia - 16. toukokuuta 1953 Fontainebleau, Ranska) oli belgialainen jazzkitaristi.Hn oli aikansa suurin jazzkitaristi ja merkittvin eurooppalainen muusikko jazzin historiassa. His final years were difficult. Django Reinhardt first married a girl named Florine Mayer when he was seventeen. According to author Michael Dregni, Lousson spent a number of years travelling in Italy, then returned to France in the early 1990s. [6], Using a Selmer guitar in the mid-1930s, his style took on new volume and expressiveness. Gypsies, frequently on the road and often with much time available to fill with the pursuit of art, were perfect conduits for the world music spirit. The Django web framework, a Python web framework, was named after Reinhardt. Hugues Panassi, in his 1942 book The Real Jazz, wrote: First of all, his instrumental technique is vastly superior to that of all other jazz guitarists. This included live sessions and recordings with many American Jazz legends such as Coleman Hawkins, Benny Carter, Rex Stewart, and a jam-session with jazz legend Louis Armstrong. Grateful Dead's Jerry Garcia and Black Sabbath's Tony Iommi, both of whom lost fingers in accidents, were inspired by Reinhardt's example of becoming an accomplished guitar player despite his injuries. It's my clarinetist in the Quintet of the Hot Club of France, Gerard Leveque. [2]:251, In 1951, Reinhardt retired to Samois-sur-Seine, near Fontainebleau, where he lived until his death. Select from premium (Attr.) Denny Laine and Jimmy McCulloch, members of Paul McCartney's band Wings, have mentioned him as an inspiration. The instant I heard Django, I flipped. One noteworthy gain from the trip to America was that he had left France playing swing, but returned thinking of beebop and modern jazz which would be the new direction he ultimately took. Those who knew Django during his lifetime admit that he was an eccentric musician at best and a temperamental nightmare to work with at his worst . He was sent back to Paris, where he tried developing other forms of music since the Nazis completely disapproved of jazz. [4] Reinhardt recorded in France with many visiting American musicians, including Coleman Hawkins and Benny Carter, and briefly toured the United States with Duke Ellington's orchestra in 1946. Django Reinhardt nat le 23 janvier 1910 en Belgique, dans une famille sinti . The wagon was quickly engulfed in flames. Reinhardt's nickname purportedly means 'I Awake' in the Romani language, however it may. I believe he should be rated much more highly as a be-bop guitarist. Allegedly, one night Reinhardt was given, on stage, an untuned guitar to play with and the great musician fumbled for five whole minutes to tune it himself. Musician. In addition, to help support the family, Django earned money by fixing musical instruments and weaving baskets. (Photo by LAPI/Roger Viollet/Getty Images), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lousson_Reinhardt&oldid=1105893685, Dregni, Michael. I have written this mass to be interpreted by choir and organ. DR: No, it's not I who notates the music. He was a Sinti Gypsy. [55] The Allman Brothers Band song "Jessica" was written by Dickey Betts in tribute to Reinhardt. On this recording, Reinhardt switched back to his old roots, as had been his style prior to the American tour, once again playing the Acoustic Selmer-Maccafferi. Beginning with Django Reinhardt, whose dazzling Gypsy Jazz became the toast of 1930s Paris in the heady days of Josephine Baker, Picasso, and Hemingway, Dregni follows the music as it courses. The British guitarist Diz Disley plays in a style based on Reinhardt's technique and he collaborated on numerous projects with Stphane Grappelli; Reinhardt also had an influence on other styles and musical genres, including Western Swing, notably in the work of Bob Wills. They had one son. A distant relative, violinist Schnuckenack Reinhardt, became known in Germany as a performer of gypsy music and gypsy jazz up to his death in 2006, and assisted in keeping Reinhardt's legacy alive through the period following Django's death. The names "Gagoug" and "Choti" were reportedly conferred by Django's widow Naguine on request from Matelo, who had learned the tunes without names. When he was 18, the wooden wagon he shared with his wife caught fire. Due to this nature, Django may have been a bit detached from the world of practicality, more often adrift in the realm of spirit from where his ardent affection for music stemmed from. A number of authors have repeated the claim that Reinhardt's nickname, Django, is Romani for "I awake";[2]:45 however, it may also simply have been a diminutive, or local Walloon version, of "Jean". [ 6] Reinhardt recorded over 900 sides in his recording career, from 1928 to 1953, the majority as sides of the then-prevalent 78-RPM records, with the remainder as acetates, transcription discs, private and off-air recordings (of radio broadcasts), and part of a film soundtrack. Playing completely by ear (he could neither read nor write music), he roamed freely across the full range of the fretboard giving full flight to his musical imagination and could play with ease in any key. "___ pronounce you husband and wife": 2 wds. A full chronological listing of his lifetime recorded output is available from the source cited here,[72] and an index of individual tunes is available from the source cited here. Gypsy jazz guitarist Django Reinhardt was the first famous European jazz musician. According to jazz guitarist Frank Vignola, almost every one of the worlds major guitarists have been influenced by Reinhardt. King; the Grateful Dead's Jerry Garcia; Black Sabbath's Tony Iommi; Jimi Hendrix; Shawn Lane; Stevie Ray Vaughan; Mark Knopfler; Les Paul; Joe Pass; Peter Frampton; Denny Laine;Jeff Beck; Steve Howe; Charlie Christian; George Benson; Wes Montgomery; Martin Taylor; Tchavolo Schmitt; Stochelo Rosenberg; Birli Lagrne; John Jorgenson; Michael Angelo Batio; Richard Thompson; Robert Fripp; and Jeff Martin. Reinhardt expanded his musical horizons during this period. [13]:11, In the years after the fire, Reinhardt was rehabilitating and experimenting on the guitar that his brother had given him. Reinhardt was the most famous jazz musician in Europe at the time, working steadily during the early war years and earning a great deal of money, yet always under threat. Born in Liberchies, Pont--Celles, Belgium, Django's name was taken from the Romany word meaning, "I awake." He was later married to Sophie Ziegler from 1943 till his death in 1953. Some claim it means I awake in Romani, while others state it was just a different version of Jean. Find album reviews, track lists, credits, awards and more at AllMusic. I particularly don't know the ending. [3][4] Reinhardt is regarded as one of the greatest guitar players of all time; he was the first important European jazz musician who made major contributions to the development of the guitar genre. Probably the thing about this music that makes it always challenging and exciting to play is that Django raised the bar so high, that it is like chasing genius to get close to his level of playing.[37]. Additional problems occurred around the dilemma of Django never having learned to tune his own guitar (he had always relied upon his brother Joseph). Minor Blues - Django Reinhardt | Gypsy Guitar Tab - YouTube 0:00 / 1:51 Minor Blues - Django Reinhardt | Gypsy Guitar Tab From Music 31.6K subscribers Subscribe 14K views 6 months ago. Django Reinhardt was inducted into the Grammy Hall of fame as well as into the Jazz Hall of Fame. Discover Very Best of Django Reinhardt [Greatest Hits] by Django Reinhardt released in 2007. Grappelli remained in the United Kingdom for the duration of the war. [10] He struggled financially and frequently lacked a guitar after giving it to a doctor as payment for treating one of his children. Add to all this Django's staggering harmonic and melodic concept, huge sound, pulsating swing, sense of humour and sheer speed of execution, and it is little wonder that guitar players were knocked sideways upon their first encounter with this full-blown genius.[34]. About Django Reinhardt Born in Belgium in 1910 and raised in France, Romani guitarist Django Reinhardt was the first European jazz musician to carve out a unique stylejazz manouchewedding the virtuosic speed and rhythmic conception of Roma traditional music with jazz improvisation. [7] His father, Jean Eugene Weiss, domiciled in Paris with his wife, went by Jean-Baptiste Reinhardt, his wife's surname, to avoid French military conscription. A melodic debut segues into some melancholy half bends at 1:07, a common employment. The names of two of Lousson's children, Chti and Gagoug, were commemorated musically when Django's widow, Naguine, conferred them on two previously unpublished compositions of Django as subsequently recorded by Matelo Ferret in 1960.[11]. Guitarist Mike Peters notes that "the word 'genius' is bantered about too much. On a few occasions he refused to get out of bed. Django: Directed by Etienne Comar. . [19]:93 The single sold over 100,000 copies. In his earliest recordings Reinhardt played banjo (or, more accurately, banjo-guitar) accompanying accordionists and singers on dances and popular tunes of the day, with no jazz content, whereas in the last recordings before his death he played amplified guitar in the bebop idiom with a pool of younger, more modern French musicians. Well, it could be because he follows his musical taste and not his fingers. Archtop Magazine, March 1988; reproduced in Cruickshank, 1994, p. 47. He lived there for two years until May 16, 1953, when, while returning from the Avon, Seine-et-Marne train station, he collapsed outside his house from a brain hemorrhage. The fire burned the majority of his body, leaving his left hand deformed. Both his sons, Lousson and Babik, also followed in his footsteps and became jazz guitarists. "[42], The popularity of gypsy jazz has generated an increasing number of festivals, such as the Festival Django Reinhardt held every last weekend of June since 1983 in Samois-sur-Seine (France),[43][44] the various DjangoFests held throughout Europe[45] and the US, and Django in June, an annual camp for Gypsy jazz musicians and aficionados. Jean Reinhardt, zis Django (n. 23 ianuarie 1910, Liberchies, Belgia; d. 16 mai 1953 Fontainebleau) a fost un chitarist francez de jazz, compozitor i ef de formaie de origine rom. On the night of 2 November 1928, Reinhardt was going to bed in the wagon that he and his wife shared in the caravan. It was a politically tumultuous time in the history of Europe and the Nazis had taken control of France. His second wife was Naguine, and they had a son Babik. [39] American country music artists Willie Nelson and Merle Haggard named their sixth and final collaborative studio album "Django and Jimmie". [8] The birth certificate refers to "Jean Reinhart, son of Jean Baptiste Reinhart, artist, and Laurence Reinhart, housewife, domiciled in Paris".[9]. Enjoy. In 1943 the tide of war turned against the Germans, with a considerable darkening of the situation in Paris. Keeping these crucial questions in mind, let's revisit the life of the famous Jazz guitarist, Django Reinhardt. Pendant ses jeunes annes, la roulotte familiale voit du pays, avant de se fixer au sud de Paris. Disappointed, Reinhardt returned to France that same year with his dreams of becoming a great American star broken, though this did not keep him from delving deeper into his career and music. He was one of the first major jazz talents to emerge in Europe and has been hailed as one. It is very difficult to achieve the same tone, articulation and clarity using all 5 left hand fingers. [6] Over the last few decades, annual Django festivals have been held throughout Europe and the U.S., and a biography has been written about his life. Django Reinhardt (1910-1953), guitarist of jazz with gypsy musicians, in a bar. At the age of 12 he received a banjo-guitar as a gift. Reinhardt kehitti uuden jazzkitaran soittotyylin, joka teki suuren vaikutuksen hnt seuranneisiin kitaristeihin. He followed the Romani lifestyle and was relatively little recorded. A private and rather shy individual, Lousson performed in bars in Paris through the 1960s, most frequently accompanied by fellow guitarist Jean-Marie Pallen,[4] and appeared several times at the Django Reinhardt memorial festivals Samois-sur-Seine. Reinhardt developed his initial musical approach via tutoring by relatives and exposure to other gypsy guitar players of the day, then playing the banjo-guitar alongside accordionists in the world of the Paris bal-musettes. For you certainly cannot do it after a jazz concert? Jazz and swing music was not yet on the young Django's radar yet, however, but his musical repertoire as a young man included being adept at playing the guitar, violin and banjo. When Reinhardt was 18 years old he was badly burned in a fire. Following his accident in 1928 in which his left hand was severely burned and he lost most of the use of all except his first two fingers, he developed a completely new left hand technique and started performing on guitar accompanying popular singers of the day, before discovering jazz and presenting his new hybrid style of gypsy approach plus jazz to the outside world via the Quintette du Hot Club de France. Even the few times he does not quite make his ideas flow out flawlessly it is still so exciting that mistakes don't matter! It is said that British bandleader Jack Hylton came to France just in order to hear his performance. New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article By his early teens, he had started playing in clubs across Paris. Django's compositions were sometimes jaunty, sometimes sad. He used to draw large crowds to his performances. Reinhardt was touring in England when the World War II broke out. Wayne Jefferies, in his article "Django's Forgotten Era", writes: Early in 1951, armed with his amplified Maccaferri which he used to the very end he put together a new band of the best young modern musicians in Paris; including Hubert Fol, an altoist in the Charlie Parker mould. Django is on top form; full of new ideas that are executed with amazing fluidity, cutting angular lines that always retain that ferocious swing.[38]. DR: It is an extract of my mass. In both years the great majority of their recordings featured a wide variety of horns, often in multiples, piano, and other instruments,[20] but the all-string instrumentation is the one most often adopted by emulators of the Hot Club sound. Neill, Billy & Gates, E. (compilers) (c. 1945). [2]:157 Official policy towards jazz was much less strict in occupied France, according to author Andy Fry, with jazz music frequently played on both Radio France, the official station of Vichy France, and Radio Paris, which was controlled by the Germans. It, Captain Murphy comments on a drink dispensed from the Bebop Cola machine: `` Ahh, Mango!... Claim it means i awake in Romani, while others state it was just a different version Jean... To Reinhardt suddenly of a stroke in 1953 at the age of 12 he received a banjo-guitar as a.... War II broke out few times he does not quite make his ideas flow flawlessly! 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